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BANNED: Of Mice And Men
Article From the Collection: The Library
Published in 1937, Of Mice and Men has long been a fixture of high school English curriculums. Author John Steinbeck used his own experience as a bindlestiff to tell the story of two migrant workers, one of whom is developmentally disabled, living and working in Depression-era California. Lenny and George dream of acquiring their own piece of land, but are thwarted by forces beyond their control.
The book debuted to instant acclaim, and was soon adapted for the screen and stage. But that didn't insulate it from censorship challenges; in fact, Of Mice and Men is amongst the most challenged books of the last few decades. Challenges have included complaints about "profanity," "morbid and depressing themes," and the author's alleged "anti-business attitude." Others have called it "derogatory towards African Americans, women, and the developmentally disabled."
Jodie Scales teaches English at Wapahani High School, in Selma, Indiana. She's taught Of Mice and Men for the past five years. American Experience spoke to her about her experience.
Why do you teach this book?It tackles moral and ethical issues within the structure of a story. The students really relate to the characters. For example, we have a really strong special education program at our school. We have a lot of kids that are very protective of those students that have special needs. I think when they start to read Lenny's character, they think about some of the kids with special needs in our school — they think about what could happen if they aren't protected. I've never had a student making fun of Lenny.
Does it surprise you that it still gets challenged?If a parent is just seeing the language, or hearing some of the topics, and they haven't actually read the book themselves, or sat down with an English teacher and talked about why this is such a good book to teach — then I guess I could understand how it might be challenged.
There's a lot in there that might make parents say, "I don't think my kids are ready for this." But once they see the purpose — that we're not throwing something at their kids for the shock value, then it becomes a safe environment to discuss issues that the students are going to deal with in life.
This interview has been condensed and edited for length and clarity.
Read an interview with Robert P. Doyle, editor of the American Library Association's Banned Books, a collection of thousands of titles that have been subject to censorship challenges.
Read about The Bluest Eye
Read about Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Read about And Tango Makes Three
Originally published September 2017.
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Call To Remove Of Mice And Men From GCSE Course
By Robbie MeredithBBC News NI education correspondent
Angel Mhande wants Of Mice and Men to be removed from the GCSE curriculumA Belfast student has called for Of Mice and Men to be removed from the GCSE English literature course.
The novel, by Nobel-Prize winning author John Steinbeck, was written in 1937 and portrays life in the 1930s.
Angel Mhande raised concerns about racial slurs used in the book, including the N-word.
"I just don't find Of Mice and Men appropriate for schools and how that impacts young black people, and young white people," she said.
Because of this, she thinks the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) should replace it on the GCSE English literature course.
The novel is one of seven that schools in Northern Ireland and Wales can pick from for pupils taking GCSE English literature.
Although it is optional - and not on the syllabus in England - it is chosen by many schools.
Most challenged booksThe work's main protagonists are George Milton and Lennie Small, two migrant ranch workers looking for work in 1930s California.
The novel also has a character called Crooks, who Steinbeck portrays as facing discrimination because he is black.
According to the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom, Of Mice and Men was one of the 100 most challenged books during the years 2010-19.
"It's a very violent book to begin with but it's mostly just to do with racism and how that affects me and some other black students in my class," Angel told BBC News NI.
Of Mice and Men has been adapted for stage, including this performance in London in 1939"It's just really uncomfortable sitting in a classroom where we have to listen to racist slurs and comments.
"I understand the history behind it and stuff but you can learn that in history about slavery."
'I feel weak'The CCEA said: "The language given by Steinbeck to characters in the book reflects the discriminatory language and attitudes of this period, which we recognise as offensive today."
"This and other messages/themes from Of Mice and Men reminds the reader of the struggle for racial equality and the importance of equal opportunities, diversity, and inclusion in today's society."
But Angel said that reading the novel and listening to some of it being read in class had a negative impact on her.
"The impact that it's had is that it just makes you feel weak, really," Angel said.
"It doesn't sit right."
Apolonia agrees with her daughter's views on the bookAngel's mother Apolonia Mbondiya agrees with her daughter that it is time for CCEA to replace Of Mice and Men.
"Angel loves English, she's very good at it and she didn't pick it for A-level," Apolonia said.
"She could have picked it, she's marked to get an A* in English but because of Of Mice and Men she chose not to pick it.
"We need to move on and to do things that are inclusive and protect the mental health of our young people, whether black or white."
'What is it teaching us?'Apolonia said she understood the argument that Of Mice and Men was of its time and should not be judged by the standards of today, but she still felt it was time to change the novel at GCSE.
"We have history, which is dealing with slavery, which is dealing with the suffragettes fighting for the rights of women," she said.
"We have quite a lot on racism and discrimination and everything that happens in the world but we are moving on to other ways of dealing with past history and not repeating the same thing over and over.
"I'm not sure what Of Mice and Men is actually teaching kids."
Professor of American literature at Queen's University Belfast Philip McGowan said teachers needed more detailed guidance on how to teach Of Mice and Men.
"We can't just eradicate books from the past and their contexts," he said.
"But if we are going to teach them in the 21st century we need to be alive to and aware of those contexts.
"It's a really important text to get students to engage with but, yes, teachers should have some guidance about some of the terminology, some of the words used and how outdated they are."
'Diverse range of texts'In a statement to BBC News NI, a spokesperson for CCEA said it was "committed to giving students the opportunity to engage with a diverse range of texts, themes and ideas that resonate with them through their study of English Literature".
"Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck has featured on the CCEA GCSE English Literature specification for many years due to its popularity with both teachers and students," they continued.
"The novel does not examine slavery.
"It does, however, include the character Crooks, a disenfranchised black ranch worker, where the surrounding narrative alludes to racial segregation and prejudice in 1930s America.
"The language given by Steinbeck to characters in the book reflects the discriminatory language and attitudes of this period, which we recognise as offensive today."
CCEA also said it welcomed the opportunity to review and refresh the literature offered to students and teachers.
Of Mice and Men was among the US literary classics dropped by OCR, an English GCSE exam board, in 2014 after then education secretary Michael Gove called for more British works to be studied.
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